The Sahel region has long been one of Africa’s most fragile regions, with many complex and multi-layered security challenges, exacerbated by the 2012 Malian crisis. In recent years, the Sahel has been in the global spotlight due to structural and contextual challenges such as poor governance, corruption, terrorism, violent extremism, political crisis, election violence, intercommunal violence, transnational organised crime, climate change, and food insecurity